Power-to-X in Finland: Technology Meets Ideal Conditions
Power-to-X is one solution to support the energy transition, including in Finland. Finland has excellent conditions to take advantage of the opportunities it offers. Abundant renewable energy resources, strong industrial expertise, and ambitious climate targets make our country an ideal location for P2X projects. P2X technologies, such as green hydrogen and synthetic fuels, can not only reduce carbon emissions but also unlock significant business opportunities and open doors to international energy markets.
What does Power-to-X mean?
Power-to-X (P2X) is a technology that converts renewable electricity, such as wind and solar energy, into fuels, chemicals, and other products.
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Why Finland is an excellent country for Power-to-X projects?
Finland is in a strong position to develop solutions for the following reasons:
Abundant renewable energy resources
- Finland has plenty of wind and solar energy, which provide excellent conditions for producing P2X solutions such as green hydrogen and synthetic fuels.
- Finland’s reliable and technologically advanced electricity grid enables the integration of new energy solutions, such as P2X technologies, into the energy system.
Political support and climate goals
- Finland has set a target of carbon neutrality by 2035, which supports the development of Power-to-X solutions: P2X technologies, such as green hydrogen, help reduce the use of fossil fuels.
- P2X technologies offer a way to store renewable energy in chemical form, which can later be used in energy production and industry.
Industrial innovation environment
Finland has strong experience in the energy and process industries and a solid technological knowledge base.
Domestic industry is agile in applying and scaling new solutions in practice.
From Hydrogen Economy Visions to Concrete Power-to-X Projects
Hydrogen technologies and Power-to-X solutions in Finland have received strong support from various sectors: industry, research institutions, government, and energy companies. The national hydrogen strategy, Business Finland’s support programs, and several industrial projects have accelerated the transition from visions of a hydrogen economy to practical implementation
From Hydrogen Economy Visions to Concrete Power-to-X Projects
Hydrogen technologies and Power-to-X solutions in Finland have received strong support from various sectors: industry, research institutions, government, and energy companies. The national hydrogen strategy, Business Finland’s support programs, and several industrial projects have accelerated the transition from visions of a hydrogen economy to practical implementation
Harjavalta P2X plant
The green hydrogen plant in Harjavalta, implemented by P2X Solutions, is Finland’s first completed industrial-scale Power-to-X project. It produces green hydrogen from renewable energy sources.
With this plant, Finland took a concrete step toward the practical implementation of the hydrogen economy and strengthened its position as a developer of hydrogen technologies. The project also serves as an example of adopting industrial-scale solutions in Finland.
Sweco acted as the design partner for the Harjavalta production facility: we were responsible for feasibility, basic and detailed design, as well as managing safety and permitting processes. In addition, we utilized virtual modeling to support the plant’s design, construction, and regulatory work.
Harjavalta P2X plant
The green hydrogen plant in Harjavalta, implemented by P2X Solutions, is Finland’s first completed industrial-scale Power-to-X project. It produces green hydrogen from renewable energy sources.
With this plant, Finland took a concrete step toward the practical implementation of the hydrogen economy and strengthened its position as a developer of hydrogen technologies. The project also serves as an example of adopting industrial-scale solutions in Finland.
Sweco acted as the design partner for the Harjavalta production facility: we were responsible for feasibility, basic and detailed design, as well as managing safety and permitting processes. In addition, we utilized virtual modeling to support the plant’s design, construction, and regulatory work.
Harjavalta P2X Plant – From Preliminary Design to Opening
Spring 2021
Feasibility study and cost estimates
February 2022
Investment decision and consulting agreements
2022–2023
Basic and detailed plant design, safety and permitting processes
June 2023
Topping-out ceremony
August 2023
Electrolysis equipment arrived on site
2024
Completion of construction and installation phase; virtual modeling
February 2025
Plant launched commercial production of green hydrogen
March 2025
Opening ceremony
New Business Opportunities
Power-to-X integrates into industry
Power-to-X offers Finnish industrial and energy operators the opportunity to incorporate new energy forms into processes that cannot be directly electrified. Typical applications include the chemical and fertilizer industries. Planned P2X projects in Finland can be located alongside existing industrial environments, which improves resource utilization and reduces the need for additional investment.
New Business Opportunities
Power-to-X integrates into industry
Power-to-X offers Finnish industrial and energy operators the opportunity to incorporate new energy forms into processes that cannot be directly electrified. Typical applications include the chemical and fertilizer industries. Planned P2X projects in Finland can be located alongside existing industrial environments, which improves resource utilization and reduces the need for additional investment.
Power-to-X: Cost Savings in Transport and Logistics
Power-to-X technologies enable the use of fuels and chemicals produced from renewable electricity in sectors where direct electrification is challenging, such as maritime and aviation.
Several synthetic fuels, such as e-methanol and e-methane for transport, can be adopted with minimal changes to the existing distribution and storage infrastructure. Similarly, eSAF (electricity-based sustainable aviation fuel) used in aviation can be blended with fossil kerosene without significant modifications to aircraft or airport logistics.
When fuels are produced using renewable electricity, their lifecycle emissions can be significantly lower than those of fossil fuels. In this way, Power-to-X can reduce carbon emissions in transport and logistics and support Finland’s carbon neutrality goals. Domestic production of synthetic fuels could also improve energy and fuel supply security in the future. Additionally, decentralizing production across different regions reduces dependence on fossil fuel imports and global price fluctuations.
Hydrogen Cluster in Finland
Finland’s hydrogen and P2X ecosystem is developing rapidly. Hydrogen Cluster Finland is a key part of this development: it brings together over a hundred domestic companies, research institutions, and industrial players. The cluster serves as a platform for collaboration and knowledge sharing and promotes business opportunities in the hydrogen economy.
Power-to-X Technologies: EU Funding Opportunities
The large-scale deployment of Power-to-X technologies requires significant investments, which can be supported by EU climate and energy instruments such as the Innovation Fund and the European Hydrogen Bank (EHB) auction mechanism. Renewable hydrogen production supported by EHB must meet RFNBO criteria, which ensure its renewable origin.
RFNBO regulation creates uniform market criteria for renewable hydrogen and synthetic fuels in the EU, which can also support the export of Finnish P2X solutions in the future.
At Sweco, we help turn Power-to-X ideas into reality. We provide support throughout the entire project lifecycle – from ideation and technical design to construction and maintenance.
Do you want to bring your Power-to-X solution to life?
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Erkki Härö
Hydrogen, P2XTomas Norrena
Hydrogen, P2X